"Perak's early years were shaped by migration, mining, and political change. Its population expanded quickly fueled by Chinese miners, traders, and laborers along with Indian rubber plantation workers.
Under British rule, starting with the Pangkor Treaty of 1874 and the formation of the Federated Malay States in 1896, infrastructure such as roads, courts, and administrative institutions expanded.
Meanwhile, Qing rule China was struggling with corruption, poverty, food shortages, and the Boxer Rebellion, prompting many Chinese to seek opportunities overseas. By 1911, Perak had emerged as a strikingly diverse society and an unlikely center of Chinese revolutionary activity in British Malaya."
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